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N5Lesson 18

Past Tense (Polite)

๐Ÿ“š Vocabulary

ๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžEnglishNotes
๐Ÿ”Šใ—ใพใ—ใŸ
didshimashita
๐Ÿ”Šใ„ใใพใ—ใŸ
wentikimashita
๐Ÿ”Šใฟใพใ—ใŸ
sawmimashita
๐Ÿ”Šใ‚ˆใฟใพใ—ใŸ
readyomimashita
๐Ÿ”Šใ‹ใ„ใพใ—ใŸ
boughtkaimashita
๐Ÿ”Šใงใ‹ใ‘ใพใ—ใŸ
went outdekakemashita
๐Ÿ”Šใคใ‹ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸ
got tiredtsukaremashita

๐Ÿ“ Grammar

ใพใ™ๅฝข โ†’ ใพใ—ใŸ๏ผˆ้ŽๅŽป๏ผ‰

Polite past tense

Replace ใพใ™ with ใพใ—ใŸ to express a completed action.

Examples
๐Ÿ”Š

ในใ‚“ใใ‚‡ใ†ใ—ใพใ™ โ†’ ในใ‚“ใใ‚‡ใ†ใ—ใพใ—ใŸ

study โ†’ studied

๐Ÿ”Š

ใ„ใใพใ™ โ†’ ใ„ใใพใ—ใŸ

go โ†’ went

ใ€œใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ๏ผˆnegative past๏ผ‰

Negative past form

Examples
๐Ÿ”Š

ใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ ใ‚’ ใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚

Terebi o mimasen deshita.

I did not watch TV.

๐Ÿ’ฌ Dialogues

Talking about the weekend

๐Ÿ”Š
A:้€ฑๆœซ ใชใซ ใ‚’ ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ‹ใ€‚
Shuumatsu nani o shimashita ka?
What did you do on the weekend?
๐Ÿ”Š
B:ใจใ‚‚ใ ใก ใจ ใˆใ„ใŒ ใ‚’ ใฟใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
Tomodachi to eiga o mimashita.
I watched a movie with a friend.
๐Ÿ”Š
A:ใฉใ‚“ใช ใˆใ„ใŒ ใงใ—ใŸใ‹ใ€‚
Donna eiga deshita ka?
What kind of movie was it?
๐Ÿ”Š
B:ใจใฆใ‚‚ ใŠใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ ใงใ™ใ€‚
Totemo omoshirokatta desu.
It was very interesting.
๐Ÿ”Š
A:ใใฎใ‚ใจใ€ใชใซใ‹ ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ‹ใ€‚
Sono ato, nanika shimashita ka?
Did you do anything after that?
๐Ÿ”Š
B:ใ•ใ‚“ใฝ ใซ ใ„ใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใงใ‚‚ใ€ใคใ‹ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
Sanpo ni ikimashita. Demo, tsukaremashita.
I went for a walk, but I got tired.

๐Ÿ“– My day yesterday

๐Ÿ”Š

ใใฎใ†ใ€ใ‚ใŸใ— ใฏ ๏ผ—ใ˜ ใซ ใŠใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ‹ใ„ใ—ใ‚ƒ ใธ ใ„ใฃใฆใ€ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ ใฏใŸใ‚‰ใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ‚ˆใ‚‹ ใฏ ใ†ใก ใง ใ”ใฏใ‚“ ใ‚’ ใคใใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใใ—ใฆใ€๏ผ‘๏ผใ˜ ใซ ใญใพใ—ใŸใ€‚

Kinou, watashi wa shichiji ni okimashita. Kaisha e itte, takusan hatarakimashita. Yoru wa uchi de gohan o tsukurimashita. Soshite, juuji ni nemashita.

Yesterday, I woke up at 7, went to the office, and worked a lot. In the evening, I cooked dinner at home and went to bed at 10.

โœ๏ธ Exercices

Fill in the Blanks

Select ใพใ—ใŸ / ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ.

ใใฎใ† ๆœฌ ใ‚’ ใ‚ˆใฟ___ใ€‚

ใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผ ใ‚’ ใฎใฟ___ใ€‚

Translation Exercise

Translate:

EN: I went to the station.

Show Answer

ๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชž: ใˆใ ใซ ใ„ใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚

EN: I did not eat breakfast.

Show Answer

ๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชž: ใ‚ใ•ใ”ใฏใ‚“ ใ‚’ ใŸในใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚