Japanese Grammar Reference
Essential N5 grammar patterns with examples and audio pronunciation.
Filter by Category
〜は
N5Topic marker は
Summary
Marks the topic of the sentence. Often translated as 'as for ~'.
Forms
Examples
〜が
N5Subject marker が
Summary
Marks the subject of the sentence. Often used with existence, likes, abilities.
Forms
Examples
〜を
N5Object marker を
Summary
Marks the direct object of a verb.
Forms
Examples
〜に
N5Location/time marker に
Summary
Marks destination, time, or the location of existence.
Forms
Examples
〜へ
N5Direction marker へ
Summary
Marks direction; similar to に but used for movement.
Examples
〜で
N5Location marker で
Summary
Marks the place where an action occurs.
Forms
Examples
〜の
N5Possessive の
Summary
Shows possession or description.
Examples
です/じゃありません
N5Desu (polite copula)
Summary
Used to state identity or description politely.
Forms
Examples
これ・それ・あれ
N5This / That / That over there
Summary
Demonstratives referring to objects near the speaker, listener, or away.
Examples
なに/どこ/だれ/いつ
N5Basic question words
Summary
Used to ask who, what, where, when, and which.
Forms
あります/います
N5Existence verbs
Summary
あります for non-living things; います for people/animals.
Forms
Examples
い形容詞・な形容詞
N5i–adjectives & na–adjectives
Summary
Two adjective types: い-adjectives end in い; な-adjectives require な before a noun.
Forms
て形
N5Te-form basics
Summary
Used for requests, connecting actions, and later grammar.
Forms
Examples
〜ました/〜ませんでした
N5Past tense polite
Summary
ます → ました (past). ません → ませんでした (negative past).
Examples
〜たいです
N5I want to ~
Summary
Remove ます → add たいです.
Examples
〜ましょう
N5Let's ~
Summary
Used for suggestions; 〜ませんか is polite invitation.
Examples
〜から
N5Because
Summary
Used to express reasons.
Examples
〜から〜まで
N5From ~ to ~
Summary
Used for time and physical spans.
Examples
よく・ときどき・あまり
N5Frequency words
Summary
Place before verb; あまり requires negative.